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September 11th and the City

Thomas J. Campanella

Urban Trauma and the Resilience of Cities

Lawrence J. Vale SM '88: February 11, 2002; Running Time: 01:07:15

About the Lecture

About the Lecture

September 11th and the City

Ralph Waldo Emerson once wrote "The test of civilization is the power of drawing the most benefit out of cities." The test of terrorism, then, may well be the power to inflict the greatest harm to those same centers of culture, commerce, and exchange. This is something that the September 11 terrorists well understood. Mohamed Atta was a man well acquainted with the power and majesty of cities--and presumably their durability and resilience. He was trained as an engineer, architect and urban planner. Yet, warped by fundamentalism, Atta became the "perverted dreamer" that E. B. White imagined decades ago in Here is New York, a man who would "loose the lightning" on Manhattan and attempt to destroy it, symbolically and literally. And even as the rubble of the World Trade Center smoldered in the days and weeks following September 11, pundits in the United States, too, foretold of the death of downtown and the end of the city as we know it. But cities have endured trauma and violence for millennia, much of it far worse than that unleashed by Mohamed Atta on September 11. Any study of the city in history will reveal that human settlements possess an essential ability to resurrect themselves in the wake of devastation, a point that the Resilient City colloquium hopes to reaffirm.

Urban Trauma and the Resilience of Cities

This paper examines the near-ubiquity of urban resilience by analyzing the concepts of trauma, recovery, and remembrance. It questions the definition of "resilience," by exploring the relationship between recovery of the built environment and other ways that a "return to normalcy" may be measured. Urban trauma, like urban resilience, takes many forms, and can be categorized in many ways. First, there is the scale of destruction-which may range from a small single precinct to an entire city (or, potentially, an even larger area). Second, one may rank these traumas in terms of their human toll, as measured by deaths and disruption of lives. Third, one may organize these destructive acts according to their presumed cause-some result from the largely-uncontrollable forces of nature, such as earthquakes and floods; others are hybrids of natural forces and human action, such as fires; while still others result more wholly from deliberate human will, whether executed by conquering armies, aerial bombardment, or terrorist strikes. It is not enough to ask general questions about urban recovery; we must ask who recovers which aspects of the city, and by what mechanisms. The process of post-disaster recovery is a window into the power structure of the society that has been stricken. Similarly, to ask about remembrance is to inquire how what is remembered gets constructed, when, and by whom.

Lecture Details

Location: Room 10-485

About the Speakers

Thomas J. Campanella

Assistant Professor, Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Thomas J. Campanellais a Faculty Fellow of the Institute for the Arts and Humanities at UNC, and a former Fulbright fellow at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He previously was a Lecturer in City Design and Development in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT.

Campanella is a recipient of the Spiro Kostof Book Award from the Society of Architectural Historians, and has also been awarded the John Reps and de Montequin Prizes from the Society for American City and Regional Planning History. In addition to his scholarly work, Campanella has written for Metropolis, Salon, Architectural Record, and other publications, and he is a former contributing writer for Wired.

Campanella has consulted on urban design and planning projects in China, South Korea, Hong Kong, Thailand, Japan and the United States. He serves on the Chancellor's Committee for Buildings and Grounds at UNC, and on the Town Planning Board of Hillsborough, NC, where he recently completed an award-winning restoration of a 200 year-old home.

Lawrence J. Vale SM '88

Professor and Head of the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, MIT School of Architecture and Planning
Margaret MacVicar Fellow

Lawerence Vale is the author or editor of six books examining urban design and housing. Architecture, Power, and National Identity (1992), a book about capital city design on six continents, received the 1994 Spiro Kostof Book Award for Architecture and Urbanism from the Society of Architectural Historians. Vale is also Co-Editor, with Sam Bass Warner, Jr., of Imaging the City: Continuing Struggles and New Directions (Center for Urban Policy Research Press, 2001), and co-editor, with Thomas J. Campanella, of The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover From Disaster (Oxford University Press, 2005), which was recognized as one of the “Ten Best Books for 2005” by Planetizen, the Planning and Development network.

He attended Amherst College, and received the S.M.Arch.S. degree from MIT and a D.Phil from the University of Oxford. He has been a Rhodes Scholar and a Guggenheim Fellow, as well as the recipient of the 1997 Chester Rapkin Award from the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning. He has taught at the MIT since 1988.

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